Yellow jack virus is found in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America.The virus is spread to people by the bite of an infected mosquito. Yellow fever may be a very rare explanation for illness in U.S. travelers.
Illness ranges from a
fever with aches and pains to severe disease with bleeding and yellowing skin
(jaundice). Yellow fever infection is diagnosed supported laboratory testing, a
person’s symptoms, and travel history. Medicine is not available to treat or
cure infection. To prevent getting sick from yellow jack , use insectifuge ,
wear long-sleeved shirts and long trousers , and obtain vaccinated.
Causative agent
The disease is caused by
yellow jack virus and is spread by the bite of an infected female mosquito. It
infects only humans, other primates, and a number of other sorts of mosquitoes
In cities, it's spread primarily by yellow-fever mosquito , a kind of mosquito
found throughout the tropics and subtropics.
The virus is contain RNA and the
genus Flavivirus. belongs to the virus family Flaviviridae.
Symptoms
Yellow fever develops quickly, with symptoms occurring 3 to 6 days after exposure. The initial symptoms of the infection are almost like those of the influenza virus. They include:
- Headaches
- Muscle aches
- Joint aches
- Chills
- Fever
Symptoms are shown in mainly two phases:
1. Acute Phase
- Headaches
- Muscle aches
- Joint aches
- Fever
- Flushing Loss of appetite
- Shivers Backaches
2. Toxic Phase
The symptoms that you simply experienced within the acute phase may disappear for up to 24 hours. Then, those symptoms will return, along with new and more serious symptoms. These include:
- Decreased urination
- Abdominal pain Vomiting (sometimes with blood)
- Heart rhythm problems
- Seizures
- Delirium
- Bleeding from the nose, mouth, and eyes
Diagnosis
Difficult to diagnose, especially during the first stages. A more severe case are often confused with severe malaria, leptospirosis, hepatitis (especially fulminant forms), other haemorrhagic fevers, infection with other flaviviruses (such as dengue haemorrhagic fever), and poisoning.
PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) testing in blood and urine can sometimes detect the virus in early stages of the disease. In later stages, testing to spot antibodies is required (ELISA and PRNT).
Treatment
Because there's no cure for the virus infection itself, medical treatment of yellow jack focuses on easing symptoms like fever, muscle pain, and dehydration.
Because of the danger of internal bleeding, avoid aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug drugs if you think you've got yellow jack . Hospitalization is often needed.
Prevention
Vaccination is that the only way to prevent yellow jack . The vaccine for yellow jack is given as one shot. It contains a live, weakened version of the virus that helps your body create immunity. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) suggests that anyone who is 9 months through 59 years old and traveling to or living in an area where the risk of yellow fever is present should be vaccinated. If you’re planning to travel internationally, check the CDC Trusted Source website to see if you need to get any new vaccinations.Groups of people who shouldn’t get the vaccine include:
1. People who have severe allergies to eggs, chicken proteins, or gelatin
2. Infants younger than 6 months old
3. people who have HIV, AIDS, or other conditions that compromise the immune system
4. If you’re older than 60 and you’re considering traveling to an area that may have the virus, you should discuss vaccination with your doctor
Other methods of prevention include using insectifuge, wearing clothing to scale back the quantity of mosquito bites, and staying inside during peak times when insects bite.